SPS30 — Optical Particulate Matter Sensor (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4, PM10)

Overview

The SPS30 is an industrial-grade optical particulate matter (PM) sensor manufactured by Sensirion. Engineered for HVAC systems, air purifiers, and professional environmental monitoring stations, it measures mass concentration ( $\mu\text{g/m}^3$ ) and number concentration ( $\text{particles/cm}^3$ ) across four distinct size bins: PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, and PM10.0.

Featuring Sensirion's patented contamination-resistant technology and an automatic fan self-cleaning routine (which spins the fan at maximum speed periodically to blow out accumulated dust), the SPS30 achieves an operational lifetime exceeding 10 years. It supports both $I^2C$ (0x69) and TTL UART (115,200 bps) interface modes.

Quick reference


Operating voltage (`VDD`)	4.5 V to 5.5 V DC (5.0 V nominal)
Interfaces	$I^2C$ (Default address `0x69`) & TTL UART (115,200 bps)
Mass Concentration bins	PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10.0 ( $0\text{ to }1000\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$ )
Number Concentration bins	PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, PM10.0 ( $\text{particles/cm}^3$ )
Mass Accuracy (PM2.5)	$\pm 10\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$ ( $0\dots 100\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$ ) / $\pm 10\%$ ( $100\dots 1000\ \mu\text{g/m}^3$ )
Particle Size Limit	Minimum detectable particle size $0.3\ \mu\text{m}$
Lifetime	$>10\text{ years}$ continuous 24/7 operation
Self-Cleaning	Automatic programmable fan cleaning cycle (default once every 7 days)
Operating current	$55\text{ mA}$ measurement active / $50\ \mu\text{A}$ sleep

Pinout (5-Pin JST-ZH 1.5mm Pitch Connector)

text

        ┌─────────────────────────┐
        │  [Sensirion SPS30 Module]│
        └─┬───┬───┬───┬───────────┘
          1   2   3   4   5
         VDD RX  TX  SEL GND

Pin	Name	Type	Description
1	`VDD`	Power	Supply power input (+4.5 V to +5.5 V DC)
2	`SDA` / `RX`	Digital Input / Output	$I^2C$ Serial Data / UART Receive
3	`SCL` / `TX`	Digital Input / Output	$I^2C$ Serial Clock / UART Transmit
4	`SEL`	Digital Input	Interface Select pin (GND = $I^2C$ mode, Floating/High = UART mode)
5	`GND`	Power	Ground reference (0 V)

Specifications

Parameter	Symbol	Min	Typ	Max	Unit	Conditions
Supply Voltage	$V_{DD}$	4.5	5.0	5.5	V	DC
Supply Current (Active)	$I_{active}$	—	55	80	mA	Fan & laser active
Supply Current (Sleep)	$I_{sleep}$	—	50	—	µA	Sleep mode
Mass Concentration Range	$Range_{PM}$	0	—	1000	µg/m³	PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4, PM10
Lower Particle Limit	$Size_{min}$	—	0.3	—	µm	Laser scattering threshold
Fan Cleaning Duration	$t_{clean}$	—	10	—	s	Max speed fan blow-out
Operating Temperature	$T_{opr}$	-10	—	60	°C	Ambient air

$I^2C$ vs UART Interface Selection

$I^2C$ Mode (0x69): Connect Pin 4 (SEL) to GND. Use $I^2C$ Clock on Pin 3 (SCL) and $I^2C$ Data on Pin 2 (SDA).
UART Mode (115,200 bps): Leave Pin 4 (SEL) unconnected (Floating). Connect Pin 3 (TX) to MCU RX, and Pin 2 (RX) to MCU TX.

Wiring ( $I^2C$ Mode)

SPS30 Pin	Arduino / MCU	ESP32	Notes
1 (`VDD`)	5V	5V	Requires 5.0V supply
2 (`SDA`)	A4	GPIO 21	$I^2C$ Data
3 (`SCL`)	A5	GPIO 22	$I^2C$ Clock
4 (`SEL`)	GND	GND	Tie to GND for $I^2C$ mode
5 (`GND`)	GND	GND	System ground

Example (ESPHome Configuration)

yaml

sps30:
  id: sps30_sensor
  i2c_id: i2c_bus
  address: 0x69
  auto_cleaning_interval: 86400s # Clean fan once every 24 hours

sensor:
  - platform: sps30
    pm_1_0:
      name: "SPS30 PM1.0"
    pm_2_5:
      name: "SPS30 PM2.5"
    pm_4_0:
      name: "SPS30 PM4.0"
    pm_10_0:
      name: "SPS30 PM10.0"

Common mistakes

Leaving SEL floating in $I^2C$ mode: Pin 4 (SEL) must be pulled Low to GND at boot time to select $I^2C$ mode; floating SEL defaults the module to UART mode.
Powering with 3.3V: The SPS30 laser diode and internal fan require a regulated $5.0\text{V}$ supply. Supplying 3.3V causes communication failures.

Notes

SPS30 vs PMS5003 vs SDS011: SPS30 provides 4 PM mass binnings (adds PM4.0), includes hardware fan self-cleaning for a 10-year lifespan, and supports both $I^2C$ and UART natively.

Interface	I2C, TTL UART
Supply	4.5–5.5 V
Package	Enclosed Shielded Plastic/Metal Box with 5-pin JST-ZH Connector